WAN Technologies - POINT–TO-POINT

WAN technologies are based on serial transmission at the physical layer. This means that the bits of a frame are transmitted one at a time over the physical medium. The bits that make up the Layer 2 frame are signaled one at a time by physical layer processes onto the physical medium. The signaling methods include Nonreturn to Zero Level (NRZ-L), High Density Binary 3, (HDB3), and Alternative Mark Inversion (AMI). These are examples of physical layer encoding standards, similar to Manchester encoding for Ethernet. Among other things, these signaling methods differentiate between one serial communication method and another. Some of the many different serial communications standards are the following:
RS-232-E
V.35
High Speed Serial Interface (HSSI)