Fundamentals of RF Circuit Design with Low Noise Oscillators

Equivalent circuit device models are critical for the accurate design and modelling of RF components including transistors, diodes, resistors, capacitors and inductors. This chapter will begin with the bipolar transistor starting with the basic T and then the π model at low frequencies and then show how this can be extended for use at
high frequencies. These models should be as simple as possible to enable a clear understanding of the operation of the circuit and allow easy analysis. They should then be extendible to include the parasitic components to enable accurate optimisation. Note that knowledge of both the T and π models enables regular switching between them for easier circuit manipulation. It also offers improved insight.