Op amps design application and troubleshooting

What is the value of pi (rc)? Is it 3? Is it 3.1? How about 3.14? Or perhaps you think 3.1415952653589793238462643383279 is more appropriate. Each of these answers is correct just as each of these answers is incorrect; they vary in their degrees of resolution and accuracy. The degree of accuracy is often proportional to the complexity or difficulty of computation. So it is with operational amplifier circuits, or
all electronic circuits for that matter. The goal of this text is to provide workable tools for analysis and design of operational amplifier circuits that are free from the shrouds of complex mathematics and yet produce results that have a satisfactory degree of accuracy.