MIPS R4000 Microprocessor User’s Manual

Historically, the evolution of computer architectures has been dominated by families of increasingly complex central processors. Under market pressures to preserve existing software, complex instruction set computer (CISC) architectures evolved by the accretion of microcode and increasingly intricate instruction sets. This intricacy in architecture was itself driven by the need to support high-level languages and operating systems, as advances in semiconductor technology made it possible to fabricate integrated circuits of greater and greater complexity. And at that time it seemed self-evident to designers that architectures should continue to become more and more complex as technological advances made such VLSI designs possible.